Ask Dr Gramadeg: Ffurfiau amhersonol y Berfau Afreolaidd / Impersonal forms of the Irregular Verbs

Mae ffurfiau amersonol ar y berfau afreolaidd - mynd, gwneud, cael and dod.

Mynd â
Aethpwyd â nhw i’r ysbyty
They were taken to the hospital.

Aed â’r dynion i’r carchar.
The men were taken to gaol.

Gwneud

Gwnaethpwyd llawer o alwadau. Many calls were made.
Gwnaed y gwaith gan wirfoddolwyr. The work was done by volunteers.

Dod

Daethpwyd o hyd i gorff. A body was found.

Cael

Cafwyd amser da gan bawb. A good time was had by all.

Ystyr llythrennol ‘Cafwyd’ yw ‘was had’. Bydd rhaid i ni gyfieithu 'Cafwyd' fel sawl ymadrodd gwahanol yn Saesneg, er mywn swnio'n gywir, e.e.

Cafwyd cynnydd yn y cyfarfod
Progress was made in the meeting.

Cafwyd cryn lwyddiant:
There has been significant success.

Cafwyd nifer o geisiadau:
A number of applications were received.

Efallai y byddwch chi'n clywed 'Cafwyd' yng nghyd-destun y gyfraith, pan fydd yn golygu ‘found (guilty or not guilty of an offence)' yn Saesneg, e.e.

Cafwyd meddyg teulu’n euog/ddi-euog o ddynladdiad.
A G.P. was found guilty/not guilty of manslaughter.

There are impersonal forms of the irregular verbs – mynd, gwneud, cael and dod.

 Mynd â
Aethpwyd â nhw i’r ysbyty
They were taken to the hospital.

Aed â’r dynion i’r carchar.
The men were taken to gaol.

Gwneud

Gwnaethpwyd llawer o alwadau.  Many calls were made.
Gwnaed y gwaith gan wirfoddolwyr. The work was done by volunteers.

Dod

Daethpwyd o hyd i gorff.  A body was found.

 Cael

Cafwyd amser da gan bawb.  A good time was had by all.

‘Cafwyd’ literally means  ‘was had’.  This often has to be translated in several different ways to sound correct in English, e.g:

Cafwyd cynnydd yn y cyfarfod
Progress was made in the meeting.

Cafwyd cryn lwyddiant:
There has been significant success.

Cafwyd nifer o geisiadau:
A number of applications were received.

It may also be heard in a legal sence to mean ‘found’ guilty or not guilty of an offence, e.g:
Cafwyd meddyg teulu’n euog/ddi-euog o ddynladdiad.
A G.P. was found guilty/not guilty of manslaughter.

 


 

* Rhagor o Enghreifftiau / More Examples

1. Aethpwyd â ni i’r dafarn ar ôl y sioe
We were taken to the pub after the show.

2. Aed â’r arian i’r banc
The money was taken to the bank

3. Gwnaethpwyd gormod o gamgymeriadau
Too many mistakes were made

4. Gwnaed y brechnadau gan y coginydd
The sandwiches were made by the cook

5. Daethpwyd o hyd i fom dan yr hen dŷ
A bomb was found under the old house

6. Roedd y parti'n hollol ofnadw' - cafwyd amser gwael gan bawb!
The party was totally awful - a terrible time was had by all!

7. Cafwyd cryn gynnydd yn ystod y drafodaeth
Considerable progress was made during the negotiations

8. Cafwyd rhyw lwyddiant o ganlyniad i'r cynllun
There has been some success as a result of the plan

9. Cafwyd llawer iawn o geisiadau ar gyfer y swydd newydd
Very many applications were received for the new job

10. Cafwyd y gwleidydd yn euog o sbidio
The politician was found guilty of speeding

11. Cafwyd y cyfrifydd yn ddi-euog o ddwyn yr arian
The accountant was found not guilty of stealing the money