Mewn brawddeg Saesneg, mae'r person yn dod yn gyntaf fel rheol, ac wedyn y ferf sy'n dod yn ail (oni bai eich bod yn gofyn cwestiwn - I am > Am I?).
Mewn brawddeg Gymraeg, mae'r ferf yn dod yn gyntaf fel rheol, ac wedyn y person sy'n dod yn ail.
English I went I am
Welsh Es i Dw i
In an English sentence the person usually comes first, and the verb second (unless asking a question – I am > Am I?).
In a Welsh sentence, the verb usually comes first, and the person second.
English I went I am
Welsh Es i (went I) Dw i (am I)
Goddrych (Subject) Y person neu'r peth sy'n gweithredu
Berf (Verb) Y gair sy'n dangos beth yw'r gweithred
Gwrthych (Object) Y person neu'r peth sy'n 'derbyn' gweithred y ferf
Subject the person or thing doing the action
Verb the action word
Object the thing/person to which/whom the action is being done
Yn Saesneg, trefn arferol y frawddeg yw: Goddrych (S) Berf (V) Gwrthrych (O)
[Mae ieithyddion yn tueddu i ddefnyddio'r talfyriadau Saesneg hyd yn oed mewn ieithoedd eraill]
S V O S V O
I bought a paper He saw a car
Normal English sentence structure: Subject Verb Object
S V O S V O
I bought a paper He saw a car
Yn Gymraeg, trefn arferol y frawddeg yw: Berf (V) Goddrych (S) Gwrthrych (O)
V S O V S O
Bought I a paper Saw he a car
Prynais i bapur Gwelodd e gar
Normal Welsh sentence structure:- Verb Subject Object
V S O V S O
Bought I a paper Saw he a car
Prynais i bapur Gwelodd e gar
Mae treiglad meddal yn digwydd i wrthrych uniongyrchol ('direct object') berf gryno (bôn + terfyniad):
Yr amser gorffennol:
What did I buy? a paper – papur (Gwrthrych) Prynais i bapur
What did he see? a car – car (Grthrych) Gwelodd e gar
Yr amser dyfodol:
What will I buy? a paper – papur (Grthrych) Pryna i bapur
The direct object of a short form verb (verb root + ending) takes a soft mutation:
Past tense:
What did I buy? a paper - papur (object) Prynais i bapur
What did he see? a car - car (object) Gwelodd e gar
Future tense:
What will I buy? a paper - papur (object) Pryna i bapur
* Rhagor o Enghreifftiau / More Examples
1. Gwelais i gi - V S O
I saw a dog - S V O
2. Darlleni di lyfr - V S O
You will read a book - S V O
3. Dewisodd e wobr - V S O
He chose a prize - S V O
4. Ysgrifennodd hi lythyr - V S O
She wrote a letter - S V O
5. Prynith y ferch fara - V S O
The girl will buy bread - S V O
6. Clywon ni gath - V S O
We heard a cat - S V O
7. Coginiwch chi frecwast - V S O
You will cook breakfast - S V O
8. Gwerthon nhw docynnau - V S O
They sold tickets - S V O
