Rydyn ni'n defnyddio'r ferf bod (to be) i ffurfio'r amser amherffaith. Felly, fel yn yr amser presennol, fel arfer bydd rhaid ddefnyddio 'yn traethiadol' i gysylltu 'bod' â gweddill y frawddeg.
Yn Saesneg, yr amser amherffaith sy'n golygu 'I was doing something' yn y gorffennol.
The imperfect tense, like the present tense, is formed from the verb bod - to be, so an yn or ’n is usually required, to join it to the rest of the sentence.
It is used for something you were doing in the past.
Dw i'n byw I live/am living
Ro'n i'n byw I lived/was living
Wyt ti'n mynd You go/are going
Ro't ti'n mynd You were going
Mae hi'n dod She comes/is coming
Roedd hi'n dod She was coming
Rydyn ni'n siarad We talk/are talking
Ro'n ni'n siarad We were talking
Rydych chi'n ennill You win/are winning
Ro'ch chi'n ennill You were winning
Maen nhw'n colli They lose/are losing
Ro'n nhw'n colli They were losing
Fodd bynnag, yn Gymraeg, yn aml byddwn ni hefyd yn defnyddio'r amherffaith pan fydden ni'n defnyddio'r gorffennol yn Saesneg - yn enwedig gyda'r berfau lico, byw, meddwl, gwybod, nabod, e.e:
However, it is often used where English uses the past tense, particularly with the verbs - lico, byw, meddwl, gwybod a nabod, for example:
English Welsh Literally
I liked (R)o’n i’n lico I was liking
I lived (R)o’n i’n byw I was living
I thought (R)o’n i’n meddwl I was thinking
I knew (a fact) (R)o’n i’n gwybod I was knowing
I knew (a person/place) (R)o’n i’n nabod I was knowing
Ffordd fer o ddweud ‘Ro(eddw)n i’ yw ‘Ro’n i’ - yn aml byddwn ni'n hepgor y rhan mewn cromfachau. Ysgrifennu'r ffurfiau wedi'u talfyrru hyn sydd yn gywir hefyd (fel y byddwn ni'n dweud yn Saesneg - 'I (a)m' > 'I’m').
Er mwyn gofyn cwestiwn, byddwn ni'n hepgor y sain 'r' - ‘O’n i? – Was I?
* Pan fydd pobl yn sgwrsio'n ddidaro, yn aml byddan nhw'n hepgor y sain r bob tro, gan ddweud ro’n i, ro’t ti, roedd e/hi ac yn y blaen, hyd yn oed mewn gosodiadau.
‘Ro’n i’ is short for ‘Ro(eddw)n i’ - the part in brackets is usually left out in speech. It’s okay to write these shortened forms as well (like - I (a)m > I’m - in English).
The ‘R’ is dropped for a question ‘O’n i? - Was I?
*In casual speech the ‘r’ in ro’n i, ro’t ti, roedd e/hi etc, is not usually used for statements either.
Er mwyn ffurfio'r negyddol, byddwn ni'n hepgor yr 'r' yn y ffurfiau 'bod' ac yn rhoi d yn ei lle; a hefyd bydd rhaid i ni ychwanegu ddim, e.e:
Ro’n i’n byw yn Aber > Do’n i ddim yn byw yn Aber
I lived in Aber > I did not live in Aber
For negatives, the ‘R’ is replaced with a ‘D’ and a ‘ddim’ added, e.g:
Ro’n i’n byw yn Aber. > Do’n i ddim yn byw yn Aber.
I lived in Aber. did not live in Aber.
Hefyd, efallau y byddwch chi'n clywed ‘nag o’n i'n...' yn lle 'do’n i ddim yn...’, e.e.
Nag o’n i’n gwybod I didn’t know (yn llythrennol, 'I wasn’t knowing')
Do’n i ddim yn gwybod I didn’t know (yn llythrennol, 'I wasn’t knowing')
You may also hear ‘nag o’n i’n..’ instead of ‘do’n i ddim yn…’ e.g:
Nag o’n i’n gwybod I didn’t know (lit. I wasn’t knowing)
Do’n i ddim yn gwybod I didn’t know (lit. I wasn’t knowing)
Dyma dabl sy'n cynnwys ffurfiau ar Yr Amser Amherffaith
Here is a table of the Imperfect Tense (Yr Amherffaith)
| Statement | Negative | ||
| Ro(eddw) n i | I was | Do(eddw) n i | I wasn’t |
| Ro(edde) t ti | You were | Do(edde) t ti | You weren’t |
| Roedd e | He / it was | Doedd e | He / it wasn’t |
| Roedd hi | She / it was | Doedd hi | She / it wasn’t |
| Ro(edde) n ni | We were | Do(edde) n ni | We weren’t |
| Ro(edde) ch chi | You were | Do(edde) ch chi | You weren’t |
| Ro(edde) n nhw | They were | Do(edde) n nhw | They weren’t |
Pan fydd pobl y De yn siarad, fyddan nhw ddim yn defnyddio'r seiniau mewn cromfachau fel arfer
Pan fydd pobl yn sgwrsio'n ddidaro, yn aml byddan nhw'n hepgor y sain R (mewn gosodiadau) a'r sain D (mewn gosodiadau negyddol).
Bydd atebion yn yr amser amherffaith yn dibynnu ar ffurf y cwestwin, fel yn yr amser presennol. Fel 'tasech chi'n ateb yn llawn yn Saesneg (e.e., 'Were you?' - 'Yes (I was)'), os bydd rhywun yn gofyn 'O't ti', bydd rhaid i chi ateb 'O'n'.
The letters in brackets aren’t usually used in speech in the South.
The R in the statements above and the D in the negatives above are often dropped in casual speech.
As with the present tense, the answer depends on the question. Like answering in full in English, e.g. Were you? Yes (I was) etc.
| Question | Answer | ||
| O(eddw)n i? | Was I? | O(edde)t / O’ch | Yes you were |
| O(edde t ti? | Were you? | O(eddw)n | Yes I was |
| Oedd e? | Was he / it? | Oedd | Yes he / it was |
| Oedd hi? | Was she / it? | Oedd | Yes she / it was |
| O(edde)n ni? | Were we? | O(edde)ch / O’n | Yes you / We were |
| O(edde)ch chi? | Were you? | O(edde)n / O’n | Yes we were / I was |
| O(edde)n nhw? | Were they? | O(edde)n | Yes they were |
* Er mwyn ffurfio atebion negyddol, byddwn ni'n rhoi Nac o flaen yr atebion cadarnhaol, e.e:
Oedd hi? ('Was she?')
Oedd ('Yes she was')
Nac oedd ('No she wasn’t')
ac yn y blaen...
* Nac is placed in front of the answers above to get a negative answer e.g:
Oedd Yes (he / she / it was)
Nac oedd No (he / she / it wasn’t) etc.
Fel arfer, bydd y sain wedi'i hysgrifennu fel c (mewn 'nac') yn cael ei hynganu fel g ar lafar, hynny yw, bydd pobl yn dweud nag, e.e.
Nac oedd (ysgrifenedig) > Nagôdd (ar lafar)
The c in nac is usually pronounced as a g - nag in speech, e.g:
Nac oedd > Nagôdd.
* Rhagor o Enghreifftiau / More Examples
1. Dw i'n colli pwysau - I am losing weight.
Ro'n i'n colli pwysau - I was losing weight.
O'n i'n colli pwysau? O't / Nac o't - Was I losing weight? Yes / No.
Do'n i ddim yn colli pwys - I wasn't losing weight.
2. Rwyt ti’'n byw yn y dre' - You live in the town.
Ro't ti’'n byw yn y dre' - You lived in the town.
O't ti’'n byw yn y dre'? O'n / Nac o'n - Did you live in the town? Yes / No.
Do't ti’ ddim yn byw yn y dre' - You didn't live in the town.
3. Mae hi'n mynd i'r cyngerdd - She's going to the concert.
Roedd hi'n mynd i'r cyngerdd - She was going to the concert.
Oedd hi'n mynd i'r cyngerdd? Oedd / Nac oedd - Was she going to the concert? Yes / No.
Doedd hi ddim yn mynd i'r cyngerdd - She wasn't going to the concert.
4. Mae e'n dod i'r sioe - He's coming to the show.
Roedd e'n dod i'r sioe - He was coming to the show.
Oedd e'n dod i'r sioe? Oedd / Nac oedd - Was he coming to the show? Yes / No.
Doedd e ddim yn dod i'r sioe - He wasn't coming to the concert.
5. Dyn ni'n siarad â'r plant - We are talking to the children.
Ro'n ni'n siarad â'r plant - We were talking to the children.
O'n ni'n siarad â'r plant? O'ch / Nac o'ch - Were we talking to the children. Yes / No.
Do'n ni ddim yn siarad â'r plant - We weren't talking to the children.
6. Dych chi'n ennill y gêm - You're winning the game.
Ro'ch chi'n ennill y gêm - You were winning the game.
O'ch chi'n ennill y gêm? O'n / Nac o'n - Were you winning the game? Yes / No.
Do'ch chi ddim yn ennill y gêm - You weren't winning the game.
7. Maen nhw'n lico cyri malwod - They like snail curry.
Ro'n nhw'n lico cyri malwod - They liked snail curry.
On nhw'n lico cyri malwod? O'n / Nac o'n - Did they like snail curry? Yes / no.
Do'n nhw ddim yn lico cyri malwod - They didn't like snail curry.
8. Mae Sandra'n meddwl am fynd i'r brifysgol - Sandra is thinking about going to university.
Roedd Sandra'n meddwl am fynd i'r brifysgol - Sandra was thinking about going to university.
Oedd Sandra'n meddwl am fynd i'r brifysgol? Oedd / Nac oedd? - Was Sandra thinking about going to university? Yes / No.
Doedd Sandra ddim yn meddwl am fynd i'r brifysgol - Sandra was not thinking about going to university.
9. Mae Sandra a Ffred yn nabod ei gilydd - Sandra and Ffred know each other.
Roedd Sandra a Ffred yn nabod ei gilydd - Sandra and Ffred knew each other.
Oedd Sandra a Ffred yn nabod ei gilydd? O'n / Nac o'n - Did Sandra and Ffred know each other? Yes / No.
Doedd Sandra a Ffred ddim yn nabod ei gilydd - Sandra and Ffred ddn’t know each other.
10. Mae Spot y ci yn gwybod ble mae'r asgwrn - Spot the dog knows where the bone is.
Roedd Spot y ci yn gwybod ble roedd yr asgwrn - Spot the dog knew where the bone was.
Oedd Spot y ci yn gwybod ble roedd yr asgwrn? Oedd / Nac oedd - Did Spot the dog know where the bone was? Yes / No.
Doedd Spot y ci ddim yn gwybod ble roedd yr asgwrn - Spot the dog didn't know where the bone was.
11. Roedd yr athro yn y 'stafell staff yn sefyll ar fwrdd! Oedd e? Oedd / Nac oedd, dim ond jocan o'n i!
The teacher was in the staffroom, standing on a table! Was he? Yes (he was) / No (he wasn't), I was only joking!
