Ask Dr Gramadeg: Defnyddio Gallu yn yr Amser Dyfodol / Using Gallu in the Future Tense

Byddwn ni'n ychwanegu terfyniadau'r amser dyfodol at fôn y berfenw 'gallu' (sef 'gall-') i roi pethau fel:

Galla i - I will be able to > I can

Mae i'r ymadrodd 'Galla i' ('I can') yr un ystyr ag sydd i'r ymadrodd ‘Dw i’n gallu’. ('I can'). Gyda 'Galla i' rydyn ni'n defnyddio berf gryno, ond gyda 'Dw i'n gallu' rydyn ni'n defnyddio berf gwmpasog. Pan fyddwn ni'n dweud 'Galla i', bydd rhaid treiglo'n feddal beth bynnag fydd yn dod ar ei ôl, e.e:

Galla i fynd - I can go

Er mwyn gofyn cwestiwn, byddwn ni'n gallu hepgor yr 'g' o Galla i, hynny yw:

Alla i? - 'Can I?'

Er mwyn ateb, byddwn ni'n dweud:

Gallwch - 'Yes (you can)'
Na allwch - 'No (you can’t)'

‘Dw i’n gallu’ yw'r ffordd hir o ddweud ‘I can', gan ddefnyddio 'bod + yn + gallu'. Os byddwn ni eisiau gofyn 'Can I?' trwy ddefnyddio'r ffurf gwmpasog hon, bydd rhaid dweud:

Ydw i’n gallu? - 'Am I able to?' / 'Can I?'

Er mwyn ateb, byddwn ni'n dweud, er enghraifft:

Ydych / Nac ydych - (Yes you can / No you can’t)

Wyt / Nac wyt - (Yes you can / No you can’t)

Alla i adael neges iddo fe? - Can I leave a message for him?

Yn Saesneg, mae'n bosibl dweud naill ai:

1) 'Can I leave a message for him?'  neu ynteu
2) 'Can I leave him a message?'

Yn Gymraeg, dim ond y ffordd gyntaf y byddwn ni'n gallu ei defnyddio. Felly, os byddwn ni eisiau gofyn Can I leave him a message?, bydd rhaid i ni ddweud:

Alla i adael neges iddo fe?

The future endings are added to the root ‘Gall-‘ to produce:

Galla i > I will be able to > I can

This has the same meaning as ‘Dw i’n gallu’.  Galla i is the short way of saying ‘I can’ and causes a soft mutation to anything that follows, e.g.  Galla i fynd > I can go.

A question is formed by dropping the ‘g’ from galla i:

 Alla i?        >      Can I?

answer

>     Gallwch    (yes you can)

    Na allwch  (no you can’t)

‘Dw i’n gallu’ - is the long way of saying ‘I can’, using bod+yn+gallu. To ask ‘Can I’ the long way:

Ydw i’n gallu?  >  Am I able to/Can I??

answer:

>   Ydych / Nac ydych (Yes you can / No you can’t)

>    Wyt / Nac wyt      (Yes you can / No you can’t)

Alla i adael neges iddo fe?  Can I leave a message for him?

In English it is possible to say either:

1)         Can I leave a message for him?   or
2)         Can I leave him a message?

 Welsh always uses the first way, so ‘Can I leave him a message?’ would be translated as:

Alla i adael neges iddo fe?

 


 

* Rhagor o Enghreifftiau / More Examples

1. Ydw i’n gallu mynd i'r cyngerdd?
Wyt / Nac wyt / Ydych / Nac ydych

Can I go to the concert?
Yes you can / No you can’t / Yes you can / No you can’t

2. Alla i fynd i'r cyngerdd?
Galli / Na alli / Gallwch / Na allwch

Can I go to the concert?
Yes you can / No you can't / Yes you can / No you can't

3. Ydw i'n gallu mynd â'r ci am dro?
Wyt / Nac wyt / Ydych / Nac ydych

Can I take the dog for a walk?
Yes you can / No you can’t / Yes you can / No you can’t

4. Alla i fynd â'r ci am dro?
Galli / Na alli / Gallwch / Na allwch

Can I take the dog for a walk?
Yes you can / No you can't / Yes you can / No you can't

5. Ydw i'n gallu cwyno wrth y prifathro am y plant?
Wyt / Nac wyt / Ydych / Nac ydych

Can I complain to the headteacher about the children?
Yes you can / No you can’t / Yes you can / No you can’t

6. Alla i gwyno wrth y prifathro am y plant?
Galli / Na alli / Gallwch / Na allwch

Can I complain to the headteacher about the children?
Yes you can / No you can't / Yes you can / No you can't