Ask Dr Gramadeg: Cyn, Ar Ôl & Wedyn

Cyn cael cinio             Before having dinner
Ar ôl cyrraedd             After arriving

Ond, bydd rhaid defnyddio 'i' gyda rhagenw personol:

Cyn i fi gael cinio               Before I have dinner
Ar ôl iddi hi gyrraedd         After she arrives

Cyn cael cinio                         Before having dinner
Ar ôl cyrraedd                         After arriving

But ‘i’ must be used with a personal pronoun:

Cyn i fi gael cinio                    Before I have dinner
Ar ôl iddi hi gyrraedd             After she arrives

Pan fyddwn ni'n defnyddio 'i' gyda ‘cyn’ ac ‘ar ôl’, rhaid cofio bod yr ymadrodd yn gallu cyfeirio at sawl amser - y presennol, y perffaith, a'r gorffennol, e.e.

Dw i’n mynd (I go/I am going)          Cyn i fi fynd (Before I go)
Dw i wedi mynd (I have gone)          Cyn i fi fynd (Before I’ve gone)
Es i (I went)                                       Cyn i fi fynd (Before I went)

Fel arfer, byddwch chi'n deall o'r cyd-destun beth yw'r amser priodol.

When ‘i’ is used with ‘cyn’ and ‘ar ôl’ it covers several tenses - present, perfect and past e.g:
Dw i’n mynd       (I go/am going)         Cyn i fi fynd  Before I go
Dw i wedi mynd (I have gone)            Cyn i fi fynd  Before I’ve gone
Es i                     (I went)                     Cyn i fi fynd  Before I went

The context usually tells you which tense it is.

Mae rhai geiriau eraill sy'n dod o flaen 'i', e.e.

Nes (until)                              Nes i fi fynd (Until I go/went)
Rhag ofn (in case)                 Rhag ofn i ni ddod (In case we come/came)
Erbyn (by the time that)         Erbyn i ti gyrraedd (By the time that you arrive/arrived)

* Dychmygwch y cwestiwn 'Cyn i fi fynd? 'Fory?' ('Before I go? Tomorrow?'). Nid oes berf ar ddechrau'r cwestiwn hwn ond y gair 'cyn', ac felly, nid 'brawddeg lawn' ydy. Rhaid ateb cwestiynau fel hyn gan ddefnyddio 'Ie/Nage'.

There are other words which are used in this way with ‘i’ e.g.:

Nes (until)                               Nes i fi fynd                 (until I go/went)
Rhag ofn (in case)                  Rhag ofn i ni ddod      (in case we come)
Erbyn (by the time that)          Erbyn i ti gyrraedd      (by the time that you arrive)

*Any question that does not start with a verb/is not a proper sentence,e.g  Cyn i fi fynd?  ’Fory?) is answered with Ie/Nage.

Gair bach defnyddiol arall - Wedyn - Then / Afterwards

Aeth hi wedyn i'r sinema
Then she went to the cinema / She went to the cinema afterwards
Wedyn byddwn ni'n cwrdd â hi
Then we'll meet her / We'll meet her afterwards

Another useful little word - Wedyn - Then / Afterwards

Aeth hi wedyn i'r sinema
Then she went to the cinema / She went to the cinema afterwards
Wedyn byddwn ni'n cwrdd â hi
Then we'll meet her / We'll meet her afterwards

 


 

* Rhagor o Enghreifftiau / More Examples

1. Dyn ni'n cael cinio cyn edrych ar y teledu
We have dinner before watching television

2. Ar ôl mynd i'r cyngerdd, aethon nhw i'r dafarn
After going to the concert, they went to the pub

3. Cyn i fi gael frecwast, bydda i'n mynd a'r ci am dro
Before I have breakfast, I take the dog for a walk

4. Ar ôl i ti adael, dechreuodd pawb ffraeo
After you left, everyone began fighting

5. Roedd popeth yn dawel cyn iddo fe gyrraedd
Everything was quiet before he arrived

6. Ar ôl iddi hi neidio ar y bwrdd, roedd pawb yn syn
After she jumped on the table, everyone was amazed

7. Maen nhw'n mwynhau'r cyfarfod ar ôl i Ffred dod â brechdanau
They enjoy the meeting after Ffred brings sandwiches

8. Cyn i Sandra fynd i siopa, 'doedd dim byd yn y cwpwrdd
Before Sandra went shopping, there was nothing in the cupboard

9. Daeth y sefyllfa'n glir ar ôl i ni esbonio
The situation became clear after we explained

10. Cyn i chi fynd, mae rhaid i chi gael ginio
Before you go, you must have dinner

11. Ar ôl iddyn nhw weiddi ar yr athro, cwynodd e wrth y plant
After they shouted at the teacher, he complained to the children

12. Dw i’n mynd i'r ysgol cyn i fi fynd i'r siopau
I'm going to the school before I go to the shops

13. Yn y gorffennol rwyt ti wedi mynd am dro cyn i fi goginio cinio
In the past you've gone for a walk before I've cooked dinner

14. Aeth hi at y meddyg cyn i'r plant ddod adre'
She went to the doctor before the children came home

15. Nes iddyn nhw adael, dw i ddim yn gallu ymlacio
Until they go, I can't relax

16. Byddwn ni'n prynu teisen rhag ofn iddo fe ymweld
We'll buy a cake in case he visits

17. Erbyn i chi weld popeth, bydd hi wedi nosi
By the time you see everything, it will have got dask

18. Dw i eisiau cael cinio'n gynnar heddi'
Ar ôl i ti fynd i siopa?
Ie / Nage

I want to have dinner early today
After you go shopping?
Yes / No

19. Aethon nhw wedyn i'r cyngerdd
Then they went to the concert
They went to the concert afterwards
Afterwards, they went to the concert

20. Wedyn, byddwch chi'n gallu gweld y plant
Then you'll be able to see the children
You'll be able to see the children afterwards
Afterwards, you'll be able to see the children