Ask Dr Gramadeg: Arddodiaid / Prepositions

Enghreifftiau:

dod o to come from
gweithio i to work for
gofyn i to ask
diolch i to thank
mynd i to go to (a place)

dweud wrth to tell
clywed wrth to hear from

siarad â                       to talk to
cwrdd â                       to meet
mynd â                        to take
dod â                           to bring

chwilio am                   to look for
meddwl am                 to think about
breuddwydio am         to dream about
becso/poeni am          to worry about

edrych ar to look at
gwrando ar to listen to
gweiddi ar to shout at

cofio at                        to remember to (a person)
mynd at                       to go to (a person)
ysgrifennu at               to write to (a person)

Examples:

dod o to come from
gweithio i to work for
gofyn i to ask
diolch i to thank
mynd i to go to (a place)

dweud wrth to tell
clywed wrth to hear from

siarad â                       to talk to
cwrdd â                       to meet
mynd â                        to take
dod â                           to bring

chwilio am                   to look for
meddwl am                 to think about
breuddwydio am         to dream about
becso/poeni am          to worry about

edrych ar to look at
gwrando ar to listen to
gweiddi ar to shout at

cofio at                        to remember to (a person)
mynd at                       to go to (a person)
ysgrifennu at               to write to (a person)

Mae arddodiaid yn rhedeg yn Gymraeg, hynny yw, bydd rhaid i chi ychwanegu terfyniadau at fôn yr arddodiad i ddangos pa 'berson' sydd o dan sylw, e.e:

Dw i’n breuddwydio am Sandra I’m dreaming about Sandra
but
Dw i’n breuddwydio amdani hi I’m dreaming about her

Bôn yr arddodiad am (about) yw amdan-. Y terfyniad sy'n cyfateb â hi (her) yw i. Er mwyn dweud 'about her' yn Gymraeg, bydd rhaid i chi roi'r ddwy ran at ei gilydd i ffurfio amdani hi. Yn anffodus, fyddwch chi ddim yn dweud 'am hi'. Dyma rai arddodiaid gyda bonion a therfyniadau. Dylech chi sylwi ar y ffaith mai'r un peth bydd y terfyniadau ni waeth pa un fydd yr arddodiad.

Prepositions conjugate in Welsh, i.e. a particular ending is added to a root to go with a particular person, e.g.

Dw i’n breuddwydio am Sandra I’m dreaming about Sandra
but
Dw i’n breuddwydio amdani hi I’m dreaming about her

The root of am is amdan-. The ending that always goes with hi is ‘i’. This is added to the root to get amdani hi. Unfortunately you can’t just say ‘am hi’. Here are some of the prepositions with roots and endings. The endings are almost always the same for all the prepositions.

Saesneg	Cymraeg
about	am
above	uchod
according to	yn ôl
across	ar draws
after	ar ôl
against	yn erbyn
among	ymhlith
around	o gwmpas
as	fel
as far as	cyn belled ag y
as well as	yn ogystal â
at	ar
because of	oherwydd
before	cyn
behind	y tu ôl i
below	isod
beneath	dan
beside	heblaw
between	rhwng
beyond	y tu hwnt i
but	ond
by	gan
close to	yn agos at
despite	er gwaethaf
down	i lawr
due to	oherwydd
during	yn ystod
except	ac eithrio
except for	ac eithrio ar gyfer
far from	ymhell o fod yn
for	ar gyfer
from	o
in	yn
in addition to	yn ogystal â
in front of	o flaen
in spite of	er gwaethaf
inside	tu mewn
inside of	tu mewn
instead of	yn hytrach na
into	i mewn i
near	ger
near to	yn agos i
next	nesaf
next to	nesaf i
of	o
on	ar
on behalf of	ar ran y
on top of	ar ben
opposite	gyferbyn
out	allan
outside	y tu allan i
outside of	y tu allan i
over	dros
per	y
plus	plus
prior to	cyn
round	rownd
since	ers
than	na
through	drwy
till	hyd
to	i
toward	tuag at
under	o dan
unlike	yn wahanol i
until	hyd nes y
up	i fyny
via	via
with	â
within	o fewn
without	heb

* Rhagor o Enghreifftiau / More Examples

1. Dw i'n dod o Abertawe'n wreiddiol
I come from Swansea originally

2. Ro't ti'n arfer gweithio i'r heddlu
You used to work for the police

3. Bydd rhaid i ni gofyn iddo fe ddod i'r cyngerdd
We'll have to ask him to come to the concert

4. Byddwn ni'n hoffi diolch iddi hi am ei gwaith caled
We'd like to thank her for her hard work

5. Ydych chi'n mynd i'r siopau heno?
Are you going to the shops tonight?

6. Dywedon nhw wrthon ni am y sioe
They told us about the show

7. Ro'n i wedi clywed wrthoch chi cyn penderfynu
I'd heard from you before deciding

8. Rwyt ti'n mwynhau siarad â nhw
You enjoy talking to them

9. Chwrddodd e ddim â ni yng Nghaerdydd
He didn't meet us in Cardiff

10. Aethon ni â nhw i'r parti
We took them to the party

11. Dewch chi â fe yn ôl maes o law
You will bring it back in due course

12. Maen nhw wedi bod yn chwilio amdani hi drwy gydol y dydd
They've been looking for her all day long

13. Sa i'n gallu meddwl amdanat ti ar hyn o bryd
I can't think about you at the moment

14. Byddi di'n breuddwydio am ennill y wobr o hyn 'mlaen
You'll be dreaming about winning the prize from now on

15. Peidiwch â becso am y dyfodol, gallwn ni farw yfory!
Don't worry about the future, we could die tomorrow!

16. Byddwn ni'n edrych ar y teledu bob dydd i weld beth sy'n digwydd yn y byd
We watch the television every day to see what's happening in the world

17. Dyw hi ddim yn hoff iawn o wrando ar y radio o achos yr holl newyddion drwg
She isn't very fond of listening to the radio because of all the bad news

18. Byddai'n tad ni'n gweiddi arnon ni o bryd i'w gilydd ond ddim yn aml
Our father would shout at us from time to time but not often

19. Gewch chi'n cofio ni at eich mam?
Will you remember us to your mother?

20. Es i at y deintydd 'na unwaith ond a i ddim ati hi eto!
I went to that dentist once but I won't go to her again!

21. Roedd rhaid i ni ysgrifennu atoch chi i gwyno o'r blaen ond dyn ni'n hapus iawn gyda'r gwasanaeth bellach
We had to write to you to complain before but we're very happy with the service now

22. Roedd hi 'di bod yn breuddwydio am frechdanau twrci ers achau ond ar ôl eu bwyta nhw oll, fydd hi ddim yn breuddwydio amdanon nhw mwya'!
She'd been dreaming about turkey sandwiches for ages but after eating them all, she won't be dreaming about them any more!

o (ohon-)	i	wrth
ohona i	i fi	wrtha i
ohonat ti	i ti	wrthot ti
ohono fe	iddo fe	wrtho fe
ohoni hi	iddi hi	wrthi hi
ohonon ni	i ni	wrthon ni
ohonoch chi	i chi	wrthoch chi
ohonyn nhw	iddyn nhw	wrthyn nhw

am (amdan-)	ar (arn-)	at
amdana i	arna i	ata i
amdanat ti	arnat ti	atat ti
amdano fe	arno fe	ato fe
amdani hi	arni hi	ati hi
amdanon ni	arnon ni	aton ni
amdanoch chi	arnoch chi	atoch chi
amdanyn nhw	arnyn nhw	atyn nhw

Wedi'u trefnu yn ôl yr arddodiad:

Organised by preposition:

* Rhagor o Enghreifftiau / More Examples