Ask Dr Gramadeg: Rhagenwau Personol- Fy, Dy, Ei ayyb / Personal Pronouns- How to say My, Your, His, Her etc

Dyma'r rhagenwau personol i gyd. Maen nhw'n cael eu defnyddio gydag enw ('car' / 'car') a berfenw ('caru' / 'to love'). Mae'r dabl isod yn dangos beth yw'r treiglad priodol hefyd.

Here are all the personal pronouns (with examples of a noun ‘car’ and a verb ‘caru’) along with the mutations they cause.

Car (noun)

Saesneg

Treiglad

fy nghar i

my car

trwynol

dy gar di

your car

meddal

ei gar e

his car

 meddal

ei char hi

her car

  llaes *(‘h’ before vowels)

ein car ni

our car

dim  *(‘h’ before vowels)

eich car chi

your car

dim

eu car nhw

their car

dim  *(‘h’ before vowels)

 

 

Caru (verb)

Saesneg

Treiglad

fy ngharu i

love me

 trwynol

dy garu di

love you

meddal

ei garu e

love him

meddal

ei charu hi

love her

 llaes *(‘h’ before vowels)

ein caru ni

love us

 dim  *(‘h’ before vowels)

eich caru chi

love you

 dim

eu caru nhw

love them

 dim  *(‘h’ before vowels)

Rydyn ni'n gwybod sut mae dweud 'I love Siân' ('Dw i'n caru Siân') neu 'It's nice to see Ffred' ('Neis (yw) gweld Ffred'). Ond, sut mae mynd ymhellach i ddweud pethau trwy ddefnyddio rhagenw, yn hytrach na thrwy ddefnyddio enw. Er enghraifft, beth yw'r patrwm i'w ddefnyddio i ddweud pethau fel 'I love you' ('Dw I’n dy garu di) ac 'It's nice to see him' ('Neis ei weld e')?

A dweud y gwir, mae'r ffordd o wneud hyn yn Gymraeg yn wahanol i'r ffordd o wneud yr un peth yn Saesneg. Yn Gymraeg, bydd rhaid i ni ddefnyddio'r rhagenwau meddiannol ('fy...i / dy...di / ei...e / ei...hi / ein...ni / eich...chi / eu...nhw'). Dyma'r un rhagenwau byddwn ni'n eu defnyddio i ddweud pethau fel 'my car, your car, his car, her car, our car, your car, their car' ('fy nghar i, dy gar di, ei gar e, ei char hi, ein car ni, eich car chi, eu car nhw').

Wedyn, byddwn ni'n 'lapio' y rhagenwau meddiannol am y berfenw, gan gofio defnyddio'r treiglad cywir!

We know how to say 'I love Siân' ('Dw i'n caru Siân') or 'It's nice to see Ffred' ('Neis (yw) gweld Ffred'). But, how do we go a step further and say things using a pronoun, rather than a noun? For example, what is the pattern for saying things like like 'I love you' ('Dw i'’n dy garu di) and 'It's nice to see him' ('Neis ei weld e')?

Actually the way of doing this in Welsh is different from in English. In Welsh we have to use the possessive pronouns ('fy...i / dy...di / ei...e / ei...hi / ein...ni / eich...chi / eu...nhw'). These are the same ones we use to say things like 'my car, your car, his car, her car, our car, your car, their car' ('fy nghar i, dy gar di, ei gar e, ei char hi, ein car ni, eich car chi, eu car nhw').

Then we 'wrap' the possessive pronouns around the verb, remembering to use the correct mutation!

Wyt ti'n fy ngharu i?

Dw i'n dy garu di

Mae Sandra'n ei garu e

Dyw Ffred ddim yn ei charu hi

Mae e'n ei hanwybyddu hi

Mae pawb yn ein caru ni

Ydy e'n eich caru chi

Dydyn ni ddim yn eu caru nh

Rydyn ni'n eu hofni nhw

Ofnadw' dy weld di'n edrych mor sâl

Neis ei weld e

Grêt ei chlywed hi'n canu

Hyfryd eich gweld chi

Gwych eu gweld nhw'n ennill y gêm

Do you love me?

I love you

Sandra loves him

Ffred doesn't love her

He ignores her

Everyone loves us

Does he love you?

We don't love them

We fear them

Terrible to see you looking so ill

Nice to see him

Great to hear her singing

Lovely to see you

Excellent to see them winning the game

 


 

* Rhagor o Enghreifftiau / More Examples

1. Dych chi'n fy nghasáu i?
Do you hate me?

2. Mae e'n ei charu hi
He loves her

3. Mae pob copa walltog yn gallu ein clywed ni!
Every single person can hear us!

4. Dyn ni ddim yn ei weld e
We don't see him

5. Dych chi'n ei hanwybyddu hi drwy'r amser
You ignore her all the time

6. Dyw neb yn eu caru nhw
No-one loves them

7. Ydy hi'n dy weld di?
Does she see you?

8. Dydyn nhw ddim yn eich hoffi chi
They don't like you

9. Rwyt ti'n eu hofni nhw'n enbyd
You fear them terribly

10. Hyfryd ei weld e'n edrych mor braf
It's lovely to see him looking so fine

11. Neis eich gweld chi!
Nice to see you!

12. Ofnadw' eu gwylio nhw'n colli gêm arall
Awful to watch them losing another game

13. Braf dy weld chi
Fine to see you

14. Gwych ei helpu hi i ennill y wobr
Great to help her to win the prize

Ask Dr Gramadeg Rhagenwau Personol