Ask Dr Gramadeg: Geiriau Bychain: Y Fannod (Y, Yr, ‘R), A & Ac, Â & Ag / Little Words: The Definite Article (‘The’), ‘And’ & ‘With’ – Parallel.cymru: Cylchgrawn digidol Cymraeg dwyieithog

Y fannod the definite article - the

Y o flaen cytseiniaid (consonants), e.e:
Y mynachod y Saeson y cyfnod Y Pla

Yr o flaen llafariaid (vowels - a,e,i,o,u,w,y +h), e.e:
Yr abaty yr arglwydd yr ystad yr hanes

’r ar ôl llafariaid, e.e. i’r o’r dyma’r tua’r flwyddyn

A / â

a/ac = and crefyddol a diwylliannol ac yn ddiweddarach (a+y = a’r - and the)

religious and cultural and later

â/ag = with ymweld â’r abaty ymweld ag abaty (â+y = â’r - with the)

visiting (with) the abbey visiting (with) an abbey

a + t.m. = which/who a gefnogwyd a gyhoeddwyd tân a achoswyd gan...

which was supported which was published a fire which was caused by…

yno = there (a long way, that can’t be seen/pointed to)

yna/’na = there (that can be seen/pointed to)

* Rhagor o Enghreifftiau / More Examples

1. Roedd y mynachod o'r abatai yng Nghymru'n arfer helpu'r Saeson a'r Cymry fel ei gilydd yn ystod y cyfnod pan oedd y Pla Du'n difa'r wlad i gyd

The monks from the abbeys in Wales used to help the English and the Welsh alike during the period when the Black Death was ravaging the entire land

2. 'Nei di adrodd yr hanes erchyll am yr arglwydd oedd yn byw ar yr ystâd wrtha i unwaith 'to, os gweli di'n dda?

Will you tell me the terrible tale about the lord who lived on the estate once again, please?

3. Dyma'r rheswm plaen y ffoiodd yr hynafiaid o'r mynyddoedd i'r gwastatiroedd tua’r flwyddyn 100 OC - Ro'n nhw'n dechrau newynu ar ôl i'r hinsawdd yn yr ardal newid yn sydyn iawn.

This is the plain reason the ancestors fled from the mountains to the plains about the year 100 CE - They were beginning to starve after the climate in the area changed very suddenly.

4. Mae rhesymau crefyddol a diwylliannol dros fynd i weld yr eglwys gadeiriol

There are religious and cultural reasons for going to see the cathedral

5. Ewch i wrando ar y côr, ac yn ddiweddarach gallwch chi wylio'r sioe

Go to listen to the choir, and later you can watch the show

6. Licwn i ymweld â’r amgueddfa, ond sa i eisiau ymweld ag ysbyty!

I would like to visit the museum, but I don't want to visit a hospital!

7. Dyma'r cynllun chwerthinllyd a gefnogwyd gan y cyngor

This is the laughable plan that was supported by the council

8. Dych chi wedi darllen y stori a gyhoeddwyd yn y papur newydd heddi'?

Have you read the story that was published in the newspaper today?

9. Cafodd y neuadd ei dinistrio mewn tân a achoswyd gan lygod mawr yn cnoi drwy geblau trydanol

The hall was destroyed in a fire caused by rats gnawing through electrical cables

10. Mae perthnasau 'da fi yn Awstralia, ond sa i'n gallu fforddio mynd yno

I have relatives in Australia, but I can't afford to go there

11. Dw i'n lico'r 'sanau coch ar y silff yma, ond ar y llaw arall dw i'n hoff iawn o'r 'sanau glas ar y llawr yna, hefyd

I like the red socks on the shelf here, but on the other hand I'm very fond of the blue socks on the floor there, too