Beth yw'r Cyflwr Genidol? Wel, bydd dau enw yn y Cyflwr Genidol pan fyddwn ni'n eu rhoi nhw gyda'i gilydd, gan amlaf i ddangos mai perthynas arbennig sydd rhyngddyn nhw, er enghraiff, mai'r ail beth sy'n perchen ar y peth gyntaf. Dylen ni sylwi ar y ffaith mai dwy ffordd wahanol o ddweud hyn yn Saesneg sydd, e.e:
The Genitive is when we use two or more nouns together: usually to show possession or a relationship between them. In English this can be done in two ways, e.g:
Fred’s car The car of Fred
Sandra’s book The book of Sandra etc.
Yn Gymraeg, dim ond yr ail ffordd ('The .... of ....') sydd ar gael. Er mwyn dweud 'Ffred's car' yn Gymraeg, bydd rhaid i ni wneud y canlynol:
Only the second (the…of…) options are used in Welsh. To translate ‘Fred’s car’ into Welsh, change the phrase into the English alternative:
'The car of Fred’ Then get rid of ‘the’ and ‘of’:
car Fred > car Ffred
Sandra’s book The book of Sandra
book Sandra > llyfr Sandra
Cofiwch: bydd rhaid i chi ddileu pob 'of' yn yr ymadrodd gwreiddiol. Os bydd mwy nag un 'the' yn yr ymadrodd gwreiddiol, dylech chi ddileu pob un ohonyn nhw hebalw am yr un sydd o flaen gair olaf yr ymadrodd (os bydd un), e.e:
If there is more than one ‘the’ in the phrase, the last one is retained, e.g:
In the corner of the shed In the corner of the shed
In corner the shed yng nghornel y sied
By the kitchen door By the door of the kitchen
By door the kitchen ar bwys drws y gegin
The manager’s son The son of the manager
Son the manager mab y rheolwr
Yn gyfferdinol, dylwch chi wneud y canlynol:
1) Ail-drefnu'r frawddeg Saesneg gan newid 'collnod + s' yn 'of'
('The children's party > The party of the children')
2) Dileu pob 'of'
( > 'The party ... the children')
3) Dileu pob 'the' heblaw am yr un o flaen y gair olaf (Os bydd mwy nag un 'the')
( > '... party ... the children')
4) Rhoi i mewn y geiriau Cymraeg a rhoi trefn ar bethau
(> 'Parti + y plant > Parti'r plant')
So the way to translate this type of phrase is:
1) Turn it into the ‘of’ phrase in English.
2) Get rid of every ‘of’.
3) Get rid of every ’the’, apart from the one before the last word of the phrase, if there is more than one ‘y’.
This works for more complicated phrases like the one below, which contains three nouns: manager, son and name.
The manager’s son’s name
1) The name of the son of the manager
2) The name the son the manager
3) Name son the manager Enw mab y rheolwr
Enghreifftiau eraill / Other examples:
Swansea Summer Festival
The Summer Festival of Swansea
Summer Festival Swansea Gŵyl Haf Abertawe
Cardiff is the capital of Wales Caerdydd yw prifddinas Cymru
the price of petrol pris petrol
To Cardiff city centre
To the centre of the city of Cardiff
To centre city Cardiff i ganol dinas Caerdydd
I live in the Llanelli area
I live in the area of Llanelli
I live in area Llanelli Dw i’n byw yn ardal Llanelli
I’m going to see the Eiffel Tower
I’m going to see the Tower of Eiffel Dw i’n mynd i weld Tŵr Eiffel
What is his dog’s name?
What is the name of his dog? Beth yw enw ei gi e?
* Rhagor o Enghreifftiau / More Examples
1. Roedd allweddi Ffred ym mhoced Sandra
Fred’s keys were in Sandra's pocket
2. Ym mhen draw'r lolfa roedd cath ddu'n eistedd ar gadair
In the far end of the lounge there was a black cat sitting on a chair
3. Mae ymbarél ar bwys drws y 'stafell ddosbarth
There's an umbrella by the door of the classroom
4. The teacher's daughter was very clever
Roedd merch yr athro'n ddeallus iawn
5. Glenys yw enw gwraig y myfyriwr
Glenys is the name of the student's wife
6. Bydd Gŵyl Gaeaf Bae Caerdydd yn wych eleni
Cardiff Bay Winter Festival will be great this year
7. Gawn ni fynd i ganol dre' Llanelli heddi'?
Can we go to Llanelli town centre today?
8. Mae hi'n byw yn ardal Castell-nedd
She lives in the Neath area
9. Dych chi wedi mynd i ymweld â Thŵr Gogwyddol Pisa, on'd dych chi?
You've been to visit the Leaning Tower of Pisa, haven't you?
10. Beth oedd enw dy grwban di?
What was the name of your tortoise?
11. O ble daeth rhieni cymydog ffrind gorau dy wraig di'n wreiddiol?
Where did the parents of your wife's best friend's neighbour come from originally?
12. Roedd menywod harîm llys y Brenin Caractacus yn mynd heibio
The ladies of the harem of the court of King Caractacus were passing by