Trwy ddefnyddio berfau cryno, rydyn ni'n gallu dweud pethau mewn llai o eiriau. Dydyn ni ddim yn defnyddio bod nac yn o gwbl gyda berfau cryno.
Short form verbs allow us to condense a meaning into a shorter expression. Neither bod or yn is used with these.
| Short Form Verbs | Peidiwch â defnyddio 'bod' nac ;yn' gyda'r rhain / 'Bod' and 'yn' not used with these | ||
|
Berfau Rheolaidd / Regular Verbs |
Gorffennol / Past |
Dyfodol / Future |
|
| I helped… | I will help… | ||
|
Helpu (Help-) |
Helpais i | Helpa i | |
| Example of regular | Helpaist ti | Helpi di | |
| Verb - Helpu above. | Helpodd e/hi | Helpiff e/hi | |
| Highlighted endings | Helpon ni | Helpwn ni | |
| added to roots of | Helpoch chi | Helpwch chi | |
| all regular verbs. | Helpon nhw | Helpan nhw | |
| Short Form Verbs | Peidiwch â defnyddio bod nac yn yma / bod and yn not used with these | |
|
Berfau Afreolaidd / Irregular Verbs |
Gorffennol / Past |
Dyfodol / Future |
|
Mynd |
Es i I went | A(f) i I’ll go |
|
|
Est ti You went | Ei di You’ll go |
| Aeth e/hi He/She went | Aiff e/hi He/She’ll go | |
| Aethon ni We went | Awn ni We’ll go | |
| Aethoch chi You went | Ewch chi You’ll go | |
| Aethon nhw They went | Ân nhw They’ll go | |
|
Gwneud |
(Gw)nes i I did/ made | (Gw)na(f) i I’ll do/make |
| (Gw)nest ti You did/ made | (Gw)n ei di You’ll do/make | |
| (Gw)naeth e/hi He/She did… | (Gw)naiff e/hi He/She’ll do/make | |
| (Gw)naethon ni We did/ made | (Gw)nawn ni We’ll do/make | |
| (Gw)naethoch chi You did/ made | (Gw)newch chi You’ll do/make | |
|
|
(Gw)naethon nhw They did/ made | (Gw)nân nhw They’ll do/make |
|
Cael |
Ges i I had/got | Ga(f) i I’ll have/get |
| Gest ti You had/got | Gei di You’ll have/get | |
| Gaeth/Cafodd e/hi He/She had/got | Gaiff e/hi He/She’ll have/get | |
| Gaethon ni We had/got | Gawn ni We’ll have/get | |
| Gaethoch chi You had/got | Gewch chi You’ll have/get | |
| Gaethon nhw They had/got | Gân nhw They’ll have/get | |
|
Dod |
Des i I came | Do(f) i I’ll come |
| Dest ti You came | Doi di You’ll come | |
| Daeth e/hi He/She came | Daiff e/hi He/She’ll come | |
| Daethon ni We came | Down ni We’ll come | |
| Daethoch chi You came | Dewch chi You’ll come | |
| Daethon nhw They came | Dôn nhw They’ll come | |
Bonion ar gyfer berfau rheolaidd - ffurfiau cryno - y gorffennol, y dyfodol, a gorchmynion
Roots for the regular short form verbs above, for past, future and commands
| Verb | Root/Stem | Past ending | |
| 1) Os bydd y ferbenw'n diweddu mewn llafariad - hepgorwch y llafariad olaf If the verb ends with a vowel, the final vowel is dropped: |
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| canu (to sing) | can- | Canon ni | We sang |
| codi (to get up) | cod- | Codais i | I got up |
| helpu (to help) | help- | Helpais i | I helped |
| 2) Os bydd y ferbenw'n diweddu mewn -io - hepgorwch yr ‘o’ If the verb ends in -io the ‘o’ is dropped: |
|||
| gweithio (to work) | gweithi- | Gweithiais i | I worked |
| garddio (to garden) | garddi- | Garddiais i | I gardened |
| 3) Os bydd y ferbenw'n diweddu mewn -ed neu -eg - hepgorwch y terfuniad If a verb ends with -ed or -eg, they are dropped: |
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| rhedeg (to run) | rhed- | Rhedais i | I ran |
| yfed (to drink) | yf- | Yfais i | I drank |
| clywed (to hear) | clyw- | Clywais i | I heard |
| 4) Os bydd y ferbenw'n diweddu mewn cytsain - y gair cyfan fydd y bôn If a verb ends with a consonant, the whole word forms the stem: |
|||
| siarad (to talk) | siarad- | Siaradais i | I talked |
| edrych (to look) | edrych- | Edrychais i | I looked |
| 5) Mae eithriadau i'r rheolau hyn - dyma'r rhai mwyaf cyffredin There are exceptions to these rules. Here are the most common: |
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| Verb | Root/Stem | Meaning | |
| aros | arhos- | to stay | |
| chwarae | chwarae- | to play | |
| cymryd | cymer- | to take | |
| cyrraedd | cyrhaedd- | to arrive | |
| dechrau | dechreu- | to start | |
| dweud | dwed- | to say | |
| ennill | enill- | to win | |
| gadael | gadaw- | to leave | |
| gofyn | gofynn- | to ask | |
| gweld | gwel- | to see | |
| gwrando | gwrandaw- | to listen | |
| meddwl | meddyli- | to think | |
| mwynhau | mwynheu- | to enjoy | |
| ymweld | ymwel- | to visit | |
* Rhagor o Enghreifftiau / More Examples
1. Es i i'r ysgol cyn ymweld â mam-gu
I went to school before visiting grandma
2. 'Nest ti'r gwaith cartre' ond roedd popeth yn anghywir
You did the homework but everything was wrong
3. Gaeth e frechdan dwrci i ginio
He had a turkey sandwich for dinner
4. Daeth hi'n ôl ar ôl y parti
She came back after the party
5. Aethon ni adre' mewn pryd i weld y rhaglen deledu
We went home in time to see the television programme
6. 'Naethoch chi'r gwaith cyn dechrau ar y dasg nesa'
We did the work before starting on the next task
7. Gaethon nhw hwyl yn y parti ond wedyn dechreuodd y ffraeo
They had fun in the party but then the fighting began
8. A' i i'r ysgol yn y bore i weld yr athro
I'll go to the school in the morning to see the teacher
9. 'Nei di dy orau glas, dw i'n credu
You'll do your very best, I think
10. Daiff e i'r cyngedd os bydd y plant yn dawel
He'll come to the concert if the children are quiet
11. Gaiff hi amser da os bydd hi'n gallu anghofio am ei phroblemau i gyd
She'll have a good time if she can forget about all her problems
12. Awn ni i nofio yn y pwll os bydd amser 'da ni
We'll go swimming in the pool if we have time
13. 'Newch chi bopeth, siŵr o fod, mewn da bryd
You'll do everything, probably, in good time
14. Canais i gyda'r côr unwaith cyn rhedeg i ffordd
I sang with the choir once before running off
14. Codaist ti'n rhy hwyr o lawer y bore 'ma!
You got up much too early this morning!
15. Helpodd e'r dyn i agor y drws
He helped the man to open the door
16. Gweithiodd hi yn y brif sywddfa cyn ymddeol
She worked in the main office before retiring
17. Garddion ni ac wedyn aethon ni i'r sinema
We did the gardening and then we went to the cinema
18. Rhedoch chi bant, mae'n ymddangos, cyn canu'ch cân chi
You ran off, it appears, before singing your song
19. Yfon nhw'r holl ddŵr heb ail-lenwi'r poteli
They drank all the water without refilling the bottles
20. Clywodd Sandra am y ddamwain gan Ffred
Sandra heard about the accident from Fred
21. Siarada i â'r plant 'fory
I'll speak to the children tomorrow
22. Edrychi di ar y cynlluniau, gobeithio, cyn penderfynu?
You'll look at the plans, I hope, before deciding?
23. Arhosiff e yn y bwthyn tan wythnos nesa'
He'll stay in the cottage until next week
24. Chwaraeiff hi gêm o sboncen os bydd diddordeb 'da ti
She'll play a game of squash if you have any interest
25. Cymerwn ni ran yn y cyngerdd os bydd y plant yn dod
We'll take part in the concert if the children come
26. Cyrhaeddwch chi'n hwyr os byddwch yn aros yma heddi'
You'll arrive late if you stay here today
27. Dechreuan nhw'r prosiect pan fyddan nhw wedi arwyddo'r cytundeb
They'll begin the project when they've signed the contract
28. Dwedais i wrth y plant am 'neud eu gwaith cartre'
I told the children to do their homework
29. Enilli di'r gystadleuaeth os byddi di'n dal i weithio mor galed
You'll win the competition if you keep on working so hard
30. Gadawodd e'r cyfarfod dan bwdu
He left the meeting sulking
31. Gofynnith hi i'r heddlu ymweld â'r ysgol
She'll ask the police to visit the school
32. Gwelon ni'r lleidr yn ymosod ar y dyn
We saw the robber attacking the man
33. Meddyliwch chi am y gwyliau yn yr Almaen bob tro gwelwch chi'r lluniau
You'll think about the holiday in Germany every time you see the pictures
33. Gwrandawon nhw ar y radio ac wedyn edrychon nhw ar y teledu
They listened to the radio and then they watched the television
34. Mwynhaodd y teulu'r sioe'n fawr iawn
The family enjoyed the show very much
35. Ymwelodd pawb â'r amgueddfa cyn mynd i'r sw
Everybody visited the museum before going to the zoo
