Ask Dr Gramadeg: Cyflwyno’r Amodol / Introducing the Conditional tense – Parallel.cymru: Cylchgrawn digidol Cymraeg dwyieithog

Hyd yn hyn rydyn ni wedi gweld Yr Amodol gan ddefnyddio'r ferf Bod ('to be'). Gan mai Bod yw'r ferf, rydyn ni wedi rhoi yn traethiadol fel arfer ar ei hôl hi, e.e:
Byddwn i’n byw dramor I would live abroad

Cofiwch fod 'Ymadrod Adferfol' ('Adverbial Phrase') neu Ymadrodd Arddodiadol yn dweud sut, pryd, lle, neu pam y mae rhywbeth yn digwydd. Os byddwn ni'n defnyddio'r rhain ar ôl 'Bod, wedyn byddwn ni'n hepgor yn traethiadol, e.e.
Byddwn i wrth fy modd I would be delighted (Yn llythrennol, 'I would be in my element')
Byddai hi gartre’ She would be (at) home

Byddwn ni gallu defnyddio 'Byddwn i / Byddet ti / Byddai hi' (ac yn y blaen) i ffurfio'r Amodol gyda berfenwau eraill, e.e:

Byddwn i’n mynd I would go
Byddai hi’n siarad She would speak (ac ati)

Ond, mae 'Byddwn i / Byddet ti / Byddai hi' yn gallu golygu 'I would be / You would be / She would be' hefyd. e.e.

Byddwn i wrth fy modd I would be delighted
Byddai hi’n hapus iawn She would be very happy

Up to now we have been using the conditional tense of bod (to be). When the verb bod is used an yn or ’n is usually required. e.g:
Byddwn i’n byw dramor (I would live abroad)

But as with the other tenses, if an adverbial phrase is used - (how, when, where or why something is happening), then no yn is required. e.g:
Byddwn i wrth fy modd. Byddai hi gartre’.

Byddwn i/Byddai fe/hi etc, can mean ‘I/he/she would’ in front of another verb e.g:
Byddwn i’n mynd - I would go
Byddai hi’n siarad - She would speak, etc.

But it can also mean ‘would be’ e.g:
Byddwn i wrth fy modd - I would be delighted
Byddai hi’n hapus iawn - She would be very happy

Ynganu

Yn yr iaith Saesneg, arwydd yr Amodol yw'r sain wedi'i hysgrifennu fel '-ould' yn y geiriau 'would, could, should'.

Yn yr iaith Gymraeg, arwydd yr Amodol yw'r sain e. Hynny yw, pan fyddwn ni gweld y gair 'Byddwn i' ('I would (be)'), bydd rhaid i ni ddweud 'Bydden i'. Pan fyddwn ni'n gweld y gair 'Byddai hi' ('She would (be)'), bydd rhaid i ni ddweud 'Bydde hi'. Nid oes dim poblem gyda'r ffurfiau eraill ar 'Bod' yn yr Amodol - maen nhw'n edrych fel maen nhw'n swnio!

Ffurf ysgrifinnedig    Ffurf ar lafar
Byddwn i                       Bydden i
Byddai fe                       Bydde fe
Byddai hi Bydde hi

Mewn rhai ardaloedd, mae pobl yn defnyddio Bas- yn lle Bydd- fel bôn yr Amodol, e.e.

Baswn i’n mynd yn lle Byddwn i’n mynd
Basai fe’n mynd yn lle Byddai fe’n mynd (ac ati)

Ffurfiau Talfyredig (Byddwn ni'n hepgor y seiniau 'pe' a 'ta' fel arfer ar lafar)

(Pe) (ta)set ti’n > 'Set ti’n If you were to/If you would.
(yn llawn) (wedi'i dalfyrru) (ystyr Saesneg)

Mae 'Pe' ac 'Os' fel ei gilydd yn golygu 'If''. Dim ond 'Pe' y byddwn ni'n ei ddefnyddio yn yr Amodol, a dim ond 'Os' fel arall.

Dyma dabl sy'n dangos Amodol 'Bod':

Pronounciation

To English speakers, the conditional tense is conveyed with the sound ‘ould’ e.g. would, could, should.

To Welsh speakers, the conditional tense is conveyed with the e sound., e.g. Byddet ti, Byddech chi. This even applies to words such as ‘Byddwn i, Byddai fe, Byddai hi. All are pronounced as follows:

Written form Pronounced as
Byddwn i Bydden i
Byddai fe Bydde fe
Byddai hi Bydde hi

In some areas Bas- is used as the root instead of Bydd-, e.g:
Baswn i’n mynd, instead of Byddwn i’n mynd
Basai fe’n mynd, instead of Byddai fe’n mynd etc.

’set ti’n – pe taset ti’n (in full) – If you were to/If you would.

If (pe) with were/was/would is different to ‘os’ (if) used with present/future. The ‘pe’ and the ‘ta’ aren’t usually pronounced in informal speech.

Here is a table of the Conditional (Amodol) Tense of ‘bod’:

Gosodiad / Statement		Negyddol / Negative
Byddwn i	I would (be)	Fyddwn i ddim	I wouldn’t (be)
Byddet ti	You’d (be)	Fyddet ti ddim	You wouldn’t (be)
Byddai fe	He’d (be)	Fyddai fe ddim	He wouldn’t (be)
Byddai hi	She’d (be)	Fyddai hi ddim	She wouldn’t (be)
Bydden ni	We’d (be)	Fydden ni ddim	We wouldn’t (be)
Byddech chi	You’d (be)	Fyddech chi ddim	You wouldn’t (be)
Bydden nhw	They’d (be)	Fydden nhw ddim	They wouldn’t (be)
Question		Answer	Yes…
Fyddwn i?	Would I (be)?	Byddet/Byddech	You would (be)
Fyddet ti?	Would you?	Byddwn	I would (be)
Fyddai fe?	Would he?	Byddai	He/it would (be)
Fyddai hi?	Would she?	Byddai	She/it would (be)
Fydden ni?	Would we?	Byddech/en	You/we would (be)
Fyddech chi?	Would you?	Byddwn/Bydden	I/we would (be)
Fydden nhw?	Would they?	Bydden	They would (be)

* Nodwch: byddwn ni'n rhoi Na o flaen yr atebion hyn i ffurfio ateb negyddol. Bydd 'Na' yn achosi'r treiglad 'b > f'. e.e.

Na fyddwn No (I wouldn’t)
Na fydden No (we / they wouldn’t)

Fyddai ots ’da ti? Would you mind? (Yn llythrennol, 'Would there be odds with you?')
Fyddai’n well ’da nhw? Would they rather/prefer? (Yn llythrennol, 'Would it be better with them?')

O ystyried ffurf y ddau gwestiwn hyn, bydd yr ateb wastad yn un o'r ddau ddess hyn, ni waeth beth a fydd y person ('Ti / Nhw', ac ati):

Byddai Yes (it would be) / Yes (there would be)
Na fyddai No (it wouldn’t be) / No (there wouldn't be)

* Na is placed in front of the answers above to get a negative answer - ‘no’ and the ‘b’ is soft mutated to ‘f’ e.g:
Na fyddwn - No (I wouldn’t) Na fydden - No (we / they wouldn’t)

Fyddai ots ’da ti? Would you mind? (Literally, Would there be odds with you?)

Fyddai’n well ’da nhw? Would they rather/prefer? (Literally, Would it be better with them?)

Because of the literal meaning of the above, the answer is always Byddai (yes it/there would be) or Na fyddai (no it / there wouldn’t be), regardless of the person.

* Rhagor o Enghreifftiau / More Examples

1. Byddwn i’n teithio i Sbaen ar feic
I would travel to Spain on a bike

2. Bydd hi wrth ei bodd o ddod i'r cyfarfod
She would be delighted to come to the meeting

3. Bydden ni oddi cartre' bob penwythnos
We would be away from home every weekend

4. Byddwn i'n falch o weld y plant
I'd be happy to see the children

5. Bydden nhw'n hapus iawn i fynd i'r sioe
They would be very happy to go to the show

6. Byddwn i'n dod i'r cyfarfod ond fyddwn i ddim mynd i'r cyngerdd
I would come to the meeting but I wouldn’t go to the concert

7. Byddet ti'n hapus i wylio ond fyddet ti ddim yn mwynhau'r rhaglen
You’d be happy to watch, but you wouldn’t enjoy the programme

8. Byddai fe'n cymryd rhan, ond fyddai fe ddim yn 'neud ei orau glas
He'd take part, but he wouldn't do his best

9. Byddai hi'n canu ond fyddai hi ddim yn dawnsio
She would sing, but she wouldn’t dance

10. Bydden ni'n hedfan ond fydden ni ddim yn hwylio
We'd fly but we wouldn’t sail

11. Byddech chi'n dechrau ond fyddech chi ddim yn gorffen
You'd start, but you wouldn’t finish

12. Bydden nhw'n ffraeo ond fydden nhw ddim yn chawarae
They'd fight but they wouldn’t play

13. Fyddwn i'n mwynhau dod?
Byddet / Na fyddet / Byddech / Na fyddech

Would I enjoy coming?
Yes (you would) / No (you wouldn't) / Yes (you would) / No (you wouldn't)

14. Fyddet ti gallu helpu?
Byddwn / Na fyddwn

Would you be able to help?
Yes (I would be) / No (I wouldn't)

15. Fyddai fe'n fodlon i ni weld yr athro?
Byddai / Na fyddai

Would he be willing for us to see the teacher?
Yes (he would) / No (he wouldn't)

16. Fyddai hi'n rhedeg lan y mynydd?
Byddai / Na fyddai

Would she run up the mountain?
Yes (she would) / No (she wouldn't)

17. Fydden ni'n mynd ar wyliau i Ffrainc?
Byddech / Na fyddech / Bydden / Na fydden

Would we go on holiday to France?
Yes (you would) / No (you wouldn't) / Yes (we would) / No (you wouldn't)

18. Fyddech chi'n casáu gwrando ar y plant?
Byddwn / Na fyddwn / Bydden / Na fydden

Would you hate listening to the children?
Yes (I would) / No (I wouldn't) / Yes (we would) / No (we wouldn't)

19. Fydden nhw'n gadael iddi fynd?
Bydden / Na fydden

Would they allow her to go?
Yes (they would) / No (they wouldn't)

20. Fyddai ots ’da fe am aros yn yr ysgol heno?
Would he mind staying in school tonight?

21. Fyddai’n well ’da chi fynd nag aros?
Would you prefer to go or to stay?