Mae i'r gair Er ddau brif ystyr - mae'n gallu golygu although neu despite yn Saesneg, e.e:
Er bod hi’n ifanc Although she is young
Er hynny Despite that
Er gwaetha’ Despite / In spite of
Er can mean although or despite, e.g:
Er bod hi’n ifanc Although she is young
Er hynny Despite that
Er gwaetha’ Despite/in spite of
Mewn cyd-destunau eraill, mae'n gallu golygu'r canlynol, hefyd:
Ers 1989 Since 1989
Ers (l)lawer dydd Since many days (yn llythrennol, 'this long time')
Er cof am In memory of
Er mwyn In order to
Er lles For the benefit of
Er gwell neu er gwaeth For better or for worse
It also has other meanings in certain phrases, e.g.
Ers 1989 Since 1989
Ers (l)lawer dydd Since many days (this long time)
Er cof am In memory of
Er mwyn In order to
Er lles For the benefit of
Er gwell neu er gwaeth For better or for worse
Byddwn ni'n defnyddio 'Bod' (yn yr Amser Presennol, a'r Amser Amherffaith) i gysytlltu'r ymadrodd yn cynnwys 'Er' â gweddill y frawddeg, e.e.
Mae hi’n ifanc Er (ei) bod hi’n ifanc
She is young Although (that) she is young
Roedd hi’n dda Er (ei) bod hi’n ifanc
She was good Although (that) she was young
‘bod’ - ‘that is/are’ is needed to join the phrase to the sentence
Mae hi’n ifanc. Er (ei) bod hi’n ifanc.
She is young. Although that she is young.
Roedd hi’n dda Er (ei) bod hi’n ifanc
She was good Although (that) she was young
Er mwyn defnyddio 'Er' yn yr Amser Gorffennol, bydd rhaid defnyddio'r arddodiad 'i' (Nodiwch fod yr un pethn yn digwydd gyda 'Cyn' ac 'Ar ôl'), e.e.
I went early Es i’n gynnar
Although I went early Er i fi fynd yn gynnar
As with the phrases ‘cyn’ and ‘ar ôl’, the past tense is not used with ‘er’. The preposition ‘i’ is used to put it into the past tense, e.g:
I went early. Es i’n gynnar.
Although I went early. Er i fi fynd yn gynnar.
Er mwyn pwysleisio rhywbeth, bydd rhaid rhoi'r gair i'w bwysleisio'n gyntaf yn yr ymadrodd, a defnyddio 'taw' (neu 'mai'), e.e.
Fi yw’r gorau Er taw fi yw’r gorau
I’m the best Although I’m the best
Emphatic - Fi yw’r gorau. Er taw fi yw’r gorau.
I’m the best. Although I’m the best.
* Rhagor o Enghreifftiau / More Examples
1. Er fod e’n hen, mae e'n gweithio'n galed iawn
Although he is old, he works very hard
2. Er hynny oll, dyn ni'n ffrindiau da o hyd
Despite all that, we're still good friends
3. Er gwaetha’r problemau i gyd, byddan nhw'n llwyddo
Despite all the problems, they will succeed
4. Dw i'n byw yng Nghaerdydd ers 2012
I've been living in Cardiff since 2012
5. Maen nhw'n gweithio yn y ffatri 'slawer dydd
They've been working in the factory for a long time
6. Dyn ni wedi codi colofn er cof am yr arwyr dwer
We have erected a column in memory of the brave heroes
7. Byddwn ni'n mynd i'r cyngerdd er mwyn gwrando ar y plant
We'll be going to the concert in order to listen to the children
8. Mae'r aelodau o'r cyngor yn gweithio er lles y cyhoedd, meddan nhw
The members of the council work for the benefit of the public, they say
9. Bydda i'n canu yn y côr, er gwell neu er gwaeth
I'll be singing in the choir, for better or for worse
10. Mae hi’n hapus, er (ei) bod hi’n dlawd
She is happy, although (that) she is poor
11. Ro'ch chi'n dawel er (eich) bod chi’n grac
You were quiet although (that) you were angry
12. Er iddi hi adael yn gynnar, cyrhaeddodd hi'n hwyr
Although she left early, she arrived late
13. Er taw ti yw'r hyna', fi yw’r mwya'
Although you are the oldest, I am biggest
14. Maen nhw'n gadael iddo fe chwarae er taw fe yw’r gwaetha'
They let him play, although he is the worst
