Ask Dr Gramadeg: Berfau Cryno / Short Form Verbs

Trwy ddefnyddio berfau cryno, rydyn ni'n gallu dweud pethau mewn llai o eiriau. Dydyn ni ddim yn defnyddio bod nac yn o gwbl gyda berfau cryno.

Short form verbs allow us to condense a meaning into a shorter expression. Neither bod or yn is used with these.

Short Form Verbs Peidiwch â defnyddio 'bod' nac ;yn' gyda'r rhain / 'Bod' and 'yn' not used with these

Berfau Rheolaidd / Regular Verbs

Gorffennol / Past

Dyfodol / Future

I helped… I will help…

Helpu (Help-)

Helpais i Helpa i
Example of regular Helpaist ti Helpi di
Verb - Helpu above. Helpodd e/hi Helpiff e/hi
Highlighted endings Helpon ni Helpwn ni
added to roots of Helpoch chi Helpwch chi
all regular verbs. Helpon nhw Helpan nhw
Short Form Verbs Peidiwch â defnyddio bod nac yn yma / bod and yn not used with these

Berfau Afreolaidd / Irregular Verbs

 Gorffennol / Past

Dyfodol / Future

Mynd

Es i                         I went A(f) i                     I’ll go

Est ti                      You went Ei di                     You’ll go
  Aeth e/hi                He/She went Aiff e/hi                He/She’ll go
Aethon ni               We went Awn ni                 We’ll go
Aethoch chi           You went Ewch chi             You’ll go
  Aethon nhw           They went Ân nhw               They’ll go

Gwneud

(Gw)nes i               I did/ made (Gw)na(f) i           I’ll do/make
(Gw)nest ti            You did/ made (Gw)n ei di          You’ll do/make
(Gw)naeth e/hi      He/She did… (Gw)naiff e/hi       He/She’ll do/make
  (Gw)naethon ni     We did/ made (Gw)nawn ni        We’ll do/make
(Gw)naethoch chi You did/ made (Gw)newch chi    You’ll do/make

 

(Gw)naethon nhw  They did/ made (Gw)nân nhw      They’ll do/make

Cael

Ges i                      I had/got Ga(f) i                  I’ll have/get
  Gest ti                    You had/got Gei di                  You’ll have/get
  Gaeth/Cafodd e/hi He/She had/got Gaiff e/hi              He/She’ll have/get
Gaethon ni             We had/got Gawn ni               We’ll have/get
  Gaethoch chi         You had/got Gewch chi           You’ll have/get
Gaethon nhw         They had/got Gân nhw             They’ll have/get

Dod

Des i                      I came Do(f) i                 I’ll come
Dest ti                   You came Doi di                  You’ll come
Daeth e/hi              He/She came Daiff e/hi             He/She’ll come
  Daethon ni            We came Down ni              We’ll come
  Daethoch chi        You came Dewch chi          You’ll come
  Daethon nhw       They came Dôn nhw            They’ll come

Bonion ar gyfer berfau rheolaidd - ffurfiau cryno - y gorffennol, y dyfodol, a gorchmynion
Roots for the regular short form verbs above, for past, future and commands

VerbRoot/StemPast ending
1) Os bydd y ferbenw'n diweddu mewn llafariad - hepgorwch y llafariad olaf
If the verb ends with a vowel, the final vowel is dropped:
canu (to sing) can-Canon ni We sang
codi (to get up)cod-Codais i I got up
helpu (to help) help-Helpais i I helped
2) Os bydd y ferbenw'n diweddu mewn -io - hepgorwch yr ‘o’
If the verb ends in -io the ‘o’ is dropped:
gweithio (to work) gweithi- Gweithiais iI worked
garddio (to garden)garddi-Garddiais iI gardened
3) Os bydd y ferbenw'n diweddu mewn -ed neu -eg - hepgorwch y terfuniad
If a verb ends with -ed or -eg, they are dropped:
rhedeg (to run)rhed-Rhedais iI ran
yfed (to drink) yf- Yfais i I drank
clywed (to hear)clyw- Clywais i I heard
4) Os bydd y ferbenw'n diweddu mewn cytsain - y gair cyfan fydd y bôn
If a verb ends with a consonant, the whole word forms the stem:
siarad (to talk)siarad- Siaradais i I talked
edrych (to look)edrych-Edrychais iI looked
5) Mae eithriadau i'r rheolau hyn - dyma'r rhai mwyaf cyffredin
There are exceptions to these rules. Here are the most common:
VerbRoot/StemMeaning
aros arhos-to stay
chwarae chwarae-to play
cymryd cymer-to take
cyrraeddcyrhaedd-to arrive
dechraudechreu-to start
dweud dwed-to say
ennillenill-to win
gadaelgadaw-to leave
gofyngofynn-to ask
gweldgwel-to see
gwrando gwrandaw-to listen
meddwlmeddyli-to think
mwynhaumwynheu-to enjoy
ymweldymwel-to visit

 


 

* Rhagor o Enghreifftiau / More Examples

1. Es i i'r ysgol cyn ymweld â mam-gu
I went to school before visiting grandma

2. 'Nest ti'r gwaith cartre' ond roedd popeth yn anghywir
You did the homework but everything was wrong

3. Gaeth e frechdan dwrci i ginio
He had a turkey sandwich for dinner

4. Daeth hi'n ôl ar ôl y parti
She came back after the party

5. Aethon ni adre' mewn pryd i weld y rhaglen deledu
We went home in time to see the television programme

6. 'Naethoch chi'r gwaith cyn dechrau ar y dasg nesa'
We did the work before starting on the next task

7. Gaethon nhw hwyl yn y parti ond wedyn dechreuodd y ffraeo
They had fun in the party but then the fighting began

8. A' i i'r ysgol yn y bore i weld yr athro
I'll go to the school in the morning to see the teacher

9. 'Nei di dy orau glas, dw i'n credu
You'll do your very best, I think

10. Daiff e i'r cyngedd os bydd y plant yn dawel
He'll come to the concert if the children are quiet

11. Gaiff hi amser da os bydd hi'n gallu anghofio am ei phroblemau i gyd
She'll have a good time if she can forget about all her problems

12. Awn ni i nofio yn y pwll os bydd amser 'da ni
We'll go swimming in the pool if we have time

13. 'Newch chi bopeth, siŵr o fod, mewn da bryd
You'll do everything, probably, in good time

14. Canais i gyda'r côr unwaith cyn rhedeg i ffordd
I sang with the choir once before running off

14. Codaist ti'n rhy hwyr o lawer y bore 'ma!
You got up much too early this morning!

15. Helpodd e'r dyn i agor y drws
He helped the man to open the door

16. Gweithiodd hi yn y brif sywddfa cyn ymddeol
She worked in the main office before retiring

17. Garddion ni ac wedyn aethon ni i'r sinema
We did the gardening and then we went to the cinema

18. Rhedoch chi bant, mae'n ymddangos, cyn canu'ch cân chi
You ran off, it appears, before singing your song

19. Yfon nhw'r holl ddŵr heb ail-lenwi'r poteli
They drank all the water without refilling the bottles

20. Clywodd Sandra am y ddamwain gan Ffred
Sandra heard about the accident from Fred

21. Siarada i â'r plant 'fory
I'll speak to the children tomorrow

22. Edrychi di ar y cynlluniau, gobeithio, cyn penderfynu?
You'll look at the plans, I hope, before deciding?

23. Arhosiff e yn y bwthyn tan wythnos nesa'
He'll stay in the cottage until next week

24. Chwaraeiff hi gêm o sboncen os bydd diddordeb 'da ti
She'll play a game of squash if you have any interest

25. Cymerwn ni ran yn y cyngerdd os bydd y plant yn dod
We'll take part in the concert if the children come

26. Cyrhaeddwch chi'n hwyr os byddwch yn aros yma heddi'
You'll arrive late if you stay here today

27. Dechreuan nhw'r prosiect pan fyddan nhw wedi arwyddo'r cytundeb
They'll begin the project when they've signed the contract

28. Dwedais i wrth y plant am 'neud eu gwaith cartre'
I told the children to do their homework

29. Enilli di'r gystadleuaeth os byddi di'n dal i weithio mor galed
You'll win the competition if you keep on working so hard

30. Gadawodd e'r cyfarfod dan bwdu
He left the meeting sulking

31. Gofynnith hi i'r heddlu ymweld â'r ysgol
She'll ask the police to visit the school

32. Gwelon ni'r lleidr yn ymosod ar y dyn
We saw the robber attacking the man

33. Meddyliwch chi am y gwyliau yn yr Almaen bob tro gwelwch chi'r lluniau
You'll think about the holiday in Germany every time you see the pictures

33. Gwrandawon nhw ar y radio ac wedyn edrychon nhw ar y teledu
They listened to the radio and then they watched the television

34. Mwynhaodd y teulu'r sioe'n fawr iawn
The family enjoyed the show very much

35. Ymwelodd pawb â'r amgueddfa cyn mynd i'r sw
Everybody visited the museum before going to the zoo