Ask Dr Gramadeg: Cymalau: Tair ffordd o ddweud That- Taw, Y & Bod / Clauses: Three ways of saying That- Taw, Y & Bod

Mae tair ffordd o ddweud ‘that’ yn y Gymraeg– taw/mai, y, bod

Taw / Mai 'That' gyda chymalau pwysleisiol neu ‘that’ gyda'r radd eithaf

Dw i’n dda           Dw i’n credu (fy) mod i’n dda
I am good            I think that I am good.

There are three ways to say ‘that’ - taw/mai, y, bod.

Taw/Mai      ‘that’ with emphatic clauses/superlative degree

Dw i’n dda.                          Dw i’n credu (fy) mod i’n dda.
I am good.                           I think that I am good.

Fi yw’r gorau       Dw i’n credu taw fi yw’r gorau.  (y radd eithaf)
I’m the best           I think that I am the best.

Mae e’n dal.                         Dw i’n siwr (ei) fod e’n dal.
He is tall.                              I’m sure that he is tall.

Fe yw’r tala.                       Dw i’n siwr taw fe yw’r tala.  (superlative)
He is the tallest.                  I’m sure that he is the tallest.

Os byddwn ni'n newid trefn reolaidd y geiriau (gan amlaf i bwysleisio rhan o'r frawddeg), byddwn ni'n defnyddio 'taw' (yn Ne Cymru yn enwedig (i gynrychioli'r gair cysylltiol 'that' yn Saesneg.

* Bydd pobl yn defnyddio 'mai' yn lle 'taw' yng ngogledd Cymru, a phan byddan nhw'n ysgrifennu'n ffurfiol.

Fi yw’r gorau.                    Dw i’n credu taw fi yw’r gorau.  (superlative)
I’m the best.                         I think that I am the best.

Mae e’n dal.                         Dw i’n siwr (ei) fod e’n dal.
He is tall.                              I’m sure that he is tall.

Fe yw’r tala.                        Dw i’n siwr taw fe yw’r tala.  (superlative)
He is the tallest.                  I’m sure that he is the tallest.

If the normal Welsh word order of the sentence is changed (mostly for emphasis) then ‘taw’ is used for ‘that’. *mai is used in North Wales and the literary language, rather than ‘taw’.

Y/Yr       Dweud 'that' yn yr Amser Dyfodol a'r Amodol

Bydda i ’na                Falle (y) bydda i ’na
I’ll be there                Perhaps that I’ll be there

Byddai hi’n mynd      Dw i’n siwr (y) byddai hi’n mynd
She would go            I’m sure that she would go

Y/Yr       ‘that’ with future and conditional tenses

Bydda i ’na.                           Falle (y) bydda i ’na.
I’ll be there.                           Perhaps that I’ll be there.

Byddai hi’n mynd.                 Dw i’n siwr (y) byddai hi’n mynd.
She would go.                       I’m sure that she would go.

Bod     Dweud 'that' yn yr Amser Presennol a'r Amser Amherffaith

Mae hi’n hapus            Dw i’n credu (ei) bod hi’n hapus
She is happy               I think that she is happy

Roedd hi’n hapus        Dw i’n credu (ei) bod hi’n hapus
She was happy           I think that she was happy

Bod     ‘that’ with the present/imperfect tenses

Mae hi’n hapus.                     Dw i’n credu (ei) bod hi’n hapus.
She is happy.                         I think that she is happy.

Roedd hi’n hapus.                 Dw i’n credu (ei) bod hi’n hapus.
She was happy.                     I think that she was happy.